START HERE, Vol. 2 Write-In Giveaway Finalist #2

START HERE, Vol. 2 Write-In Giveaway Finalist #2 Gina was chosen as a finalist in the START HERE, Vol. 2 Write-In Giveaway,  in which we invited the  Book Riot community to submit sample chapters for our book START HERE, Vol. 2: Read Your Way Into 25 Amazing Authors. Check it out on Kickstarter and back it if you like it!  The winner of the Write-In Giveaway will be the one whose entry reposted on BookRiot.com gets the most Facebook “likes” by 11:59PM EDT, Wednesday, May 22, 2013.  The ONLY way to vote is to click the Facebook “Like” just above this text on BookRiot.com. _________________________ C.S. Lewis Why would anyone today want to read an author who, decades ago, was calling himself an outdated “dinosaur?” Because he happened to be dead wrong about that. C. S. Lewis’s work deals with timeless themes, in dense but lucid prose that refuses to grow old. He’s hardly the forgotten writer that he believed he would become; on the contrary, many of his books are bestsellers to this day. But where to start with an author who wrote everything from children’s stories to sci-fi thrillers to lengthy treatises on medieval literature? Here are my suggestions. The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe.  Okay, probably you’ve already read itâ€"though maybe you haven’t. I didn’t until I was in my twenties. But it’s where most people first encounter Lewis, and I think that makes a lot of sense. Distilled in the Chronicles of Narnia, and especially in this first book, are all the imagination and humor and spiritual insight that suffuse Lewis’s entire body of work. Not to mention that a good deal of fantasy literature in the decades since the series was published has been either inspired by it, or reacting against it. (I’d suggest that if one reads Philip Pullman’s deeply anti-religious His Dark Materials series, it’s a good idea to read Narnia as well, and get the other side of the debate, so to speak.) So if you’ve already read  Lion, perhaps it’s worth revisitingâ€"and if you haven’t, you have a treat in store. The Screwtape Letters.  I’m tempted to describe this one as “devilishly clever” and leave it at that, but that would hardly do justice to this unique and inventive novel. Through a series of letters, a senior devil instructs his nephew in the fine art of luring a human soul to its doom. The genius of the work resides chiefly in its reminder that evil is not necessarily some grand, tragic, irrevocable choice we make one fateful day. Rather, it’s more often the small, selfish choices we make, day after day, that lead us in the wrong direction. Letters to Children.  Here’s where I throw you a curveball. It’s always been my opinion that you can’t really get to know Lewis until you’ve caught a glimpse of the warm heart beneath the giant brain. And reading this compilation of letters is one of the best ways to do this. Writing to various godchildren and young fans, Lewis answers a plethora of questions, commiserates about school difficulties, offers help with their own research and writing, and draws little doodles of cats and elephants. (“I can only draw a cat from the back view. . . . I think it is rather cheating, don’t you? because it does not show the face which is the difficult part to do,” he confesses to his goddaughter Sarah.) He even encourages some of them to write Narnia fanfiction if they want toâ€"surely one of the most generous gestures a novelist can make. From there one can branch out in any number of directionsâ€"to the Space Trilogy and the mythological novel  Till We Have Faces; to other theological works like  The Great Divorce  and  The Weight of Glory; or to literary essays like “On Stories.” But I believe the three books I’ve listed above are a good starting point to discover which facet of Lewis you likeâ€"or whether, as I do, you just might like all of him. Sign up to Unusual Suspects to receive news and recommendations for mystery/thriller readers.

The Facilitator Of The Cbt - 1569 Words

Social Worker The facilitator of the CBT introduces the new concepts, educates, explains the steps, assist the client with identifying triggers, and utilizes interventions. Through rapport building and engagement practices the therapeutic conditions is created. Through problem solving therapy the client h defined problems, brainstormed, generated solutions, and analyzed what went wrong. Established coping plans, making adjustments, and assigning homework included some of the roles of a social worker. As an intern responsibilities included reviewing homework and techniques for effectiveness. Understanding the client as a whole meant allowing the client to be an expert on themselves, listening, and learning the client. Rationale Eliminating the primary diagnosis of the adjustment disorder and reducing symptoms of the secondary diagnosis of depression and anxiety was the desired outcome behind using CBT. The use of CBT to normalize his emotions and mood was a clear objective after presenting Mario with the diagnosis. The prediction of using psychoeducation for CBT to combat depression, anxiety, and adjustment would allow Mario to connection the feelings, thoughts, and behavior with the best outcome in the shortest period of time due to time constraints. The evidence based reduction of symptoms as it relates to depression, anxiety, and adjustment disorder was the rationale behind using autogenic training. According to Jolic Leposavic, autogenic training reduces heart rate,Show MoreRelatedCognitive Behavioral Therapy ( Cbt )1697 Words   |  7 PagesCognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is one therapeutic approach that is capable of providing this group with effective psychotherapeutic treatment and intervention s as well as approaches that enhances the effectiveness and efficiency of group therapy. Often developed for skills training, cognitive-behavioral groups are characterized by the use of practical interventions focused on behavior modification techniques (Wilson, Bouffard, and Mackenzie; 2005). The therapeutic goal of cognitive behavioralRead MoreDepression : A Common Risk Factor For Suicide Behavior Essay1409 Words   |  6 Pagesmedications for the illness. Those medications are more likely to provide immediate relief from symptoms. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT), one of psychological treatments, is also a recognised effective treatment. CBT focuses on changing a pattern of thought that disturbs an individual’s emotion and behaviour (King, Davison, Neale, Johnson, 2007). Although CBT is less effective than SSRIs, a combination of both psychological and medical treatments together is more effective than those treatmentsRead MoreTrauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy 1720 Words   |  7 Pagestraumatization and increases in mood and anxiety disorders, but the most frequently reported symptoms of psychological distress are post-traumatic stress symptoms (Cohen, Mannarino Iyengar, 2011). Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) is basically a conjoint parent and child psychotherapy approach for kids and teenagers who are undergoing significant behavioral and emotional difficulties pertaining to traumatic life events (Jensen et al., 2014). In essence, it is a components-basedRead MorePregnant African American Women s Attitudes Towards Perinatal Depression Prevention1108 Words   |  5 PagesEdinburgh Post-Partum Depression Scale one third of the example (n=24, 39.3%) additionally reported being discouraged a while ago. (Goodman. S. H., Dimidjion, S. Williams, .G. 2013) Additionally completed were measures of perceived barriers and facilitators and current depression. Both the psychosocial strategies were appraised as mole determinedly supported, mole credible, and connected with more useful individual responses in respect to the pharmacotherapy approach. The authors utilized individualRead MoreA Reflective And Competent Practitioner Essay1292 Words   |à ‚  6 Pages Guiding Theory Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is an insight-focused therapy that emphasizes the here-and-now (Corey, 2009). It typically is brief and time-limited therapy that is collaborative in nature, fairly structured and empirically based (Freeman, Felgoise, Nezu, Nezu, Reinecke, 2005). Albert Ellis and Aaron Beck are the major names that arise when discussing CBT. My theoretical orientation slants more towards the foundations of CBT set by Beck. Beck contends that individual perceptionsRead MoreThe Use Of Group Intervention By Occupational Therapists Essay814 Words   |  4 Pagesgroup goals. Adjourning- separating, consolidating gains, planning for the future. 3. Group norms are the expected ways of doing things within a group. Rules that are set by the facilitator of the group are explicit. Non-explicit norms are non-verbalised but assumed (creek). At the beginning of the groups, the facilitator will take more responsibility, establishing group norms. Over time, the group takes more responsibility and assumes more leadership. 4. The culture of a group is that way thatRead MoreCognitive Behavioral Therapy And Music Therapy1629 Words   |  7 Pagesapproach, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), to address CBT goals through MT interventions. Despite the many parralels between CBT and MT there is limited literature on CBMT; the existing literature indicates that CBMT may be an effective treatment for clients with a variety of needs. Improvisation in CBMT makes up an even smaller portion of the literature, however the theoretical underpinnings of the CBT approach are congruent with the use of music improvisation. CBT was first described by Professor AaronRead MoreA Brief Note On The Record Of Service1578 Words   |  7 Pagesthe silent members admitted she was not comfortable in a group setting, but she promised her children she would come due to her inability to cope with the death of her husband. The other silent member only spoke when she was encouraged by the facilitator. When either of the silent members spoke, their replies were demands for work, and the group reflected on their responses. The monopolist was a male member. He continuously brought all topics of discussions back to his personal dilemma of notRead MoreCase Study : Client Mental Health Characteristics Essay1617 Words   |  7 PagesCase Study: Client Mental Health Characteristics During the initial phase of therapy, Jane exhibited characteristics that I considered mentally unhealthy in CBT. She had little insight into her maladaptive information processing; she could identify that she was anxious, but was unable to trace the source of this anxiety. I identified two types of cognitive distortions that were problematic for the client: arbitrary inference and mislabeling. Arbitrary inference became particularly obvious asRead MoreCognitive Behavioral Therapy : Cbt946 Words   |  4 PagesFor my group observation I choose to observe Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, CBT in a group setting for co-occurring adults. CBT was developed by Aaron T Beck in the 1960’s as a short term, structured, present-term psychotherapy for clients with depression (Rathod et al, 2015). It was geared toward solving current problems and modifying dysfunctional thoughts, and behaviors through use of the cognitive model. In the 1990’s CBT became more popular in dealing with th e more serious and challenging mental

Serial Killers, Organized Killers And Disorganized Killers

A serial killer is someone who murders three or more people, usually in service of abnormal psychological gratification, with the murders taking place over more than a month and including a significant break between them. There are three types of serial killers: medical killers, organized killers, and disorganized killers. A medical killer is the rarest type of serial killers. This kind of killer feels they have the best and most perfect cover because it’s very common for people in hospitals to pass away. These types of killers are really smart and know how to carefully conceal their murders. An organized killer is the hardest to identify and capture. They are highly intelligent and really organized. Every detail in the crime is planned†¦show more content†¦Bullying develops killers to get â€Å"secret aggressive fantasies†. Loneliness plays another role in serial killers because it can lead to the evolution of these fantasies. Serial killers’ behaviors before the crime are usually emotions like anger, guilt, and jealousy due to something that somebody else might have done to make them feel that way. Post crime behavior would be more focused on the killer avoiding detection and improving on different methods of murder for future murders. A fantasy is an elaborate set of thoughts with great preoccupation anchored in emotion, and originating from daydreams. Fantasy is determined as a mechanism by which a characteristic such as anger, can take on a form with a specific objective. Fantasy may act as a substitute for a particular action, or assist in preparing for action. Richard ramirez was born on February 29th, 1960, in El Paso, Texas. Ramirez was the youngest of 6 siblings in his family. His parents were Julian and Mercedes Ramirez, who made their living by being a railroad worker. They were good great catholic parents who just wanted a good life for Richard but that just wasn’t enough. Ramirez crimes were heavily influenced by his cousin Mike. Mike was a green beret who just returned from The Vietnam War. When Mike came home he told Ramirez stories from back in Vietnam in which he tortured many Vietnamese women. This was the start ofShow MoreRelatedEssay about Serial Killers Modus Operandi1702 Words   |  7 PagesSerial Killers Modus Operandi A plethora of serial killers, dead and undead, have been most horrifying in their methods. There are several types of serial killers, some have been caught while others continue to haunt their surroundings. There are several approaches in categorizing serial killers. One method requires examination of the crime scene, the other requires counseling with the serial killer. In profiling a serial killer, law enforcers realize that serial killers are not unlike regularRead MoreThe Murder Of Serial Killers1703 Words   |  7 PagesA grieving mother drapes herself over the casket of her deceased son. The 14 year old had fallen victim to one of the most infamous serial killers in history, Jeffrey Dahmer. Dahmer killed a total of 17 known victims, all between the ages of 14 and 33. In his most recent murders, he often resorted to necrophilia, cannibalism, and permanent preservation of body parts (â€Å"Jeffrey Dahmer Biography†). The mother looks at what is left of her son’s f ace, the face that once smiled to her every morning beforeRead MoreSerial Killers And The Serial Killer1080 Words   |  5 Pageshelp? This was the technique one of the most infamous serial killer Ted Bundy used to approach his victims and ultimately murder them. B. Background and Audience Relevance: Today, I will be speaking to you about serial killers. C. Speaker Credibility: I decided to do my topic on serial killers because, criminology is something I’m genuinely interested in and would like to learn more about it myself. D. Thesis: By learning about serial killers, hopefully in the future they can be captured fasterRead MoreThe Characteristics Of The Serial Killer, By Dorothea Puente1327 Words   |  6 Pagesto hear everything the elderly lady, Dorothea Puente, was capable of. Investigators weren’t suspicious of her even after corpses were found on her property because she didn’t fit the typical serial killer profile. The average serial killer is a white male in his mid to late 20’s. More than 90% of serial killers are men according to research done by criminologists James A. Fox and Jack Levin, and among these 73% were white. Only 4% had graduated with a bachelor’s degree. Victims were 67% female, withRead MoreSerial Murder And Mass Murder936 Words   |  4 Pages Before we can take on the definitions of serial murder and mass murder, we must first understand what exactly constitutes murder. According to the United States Code-section 1111, murder is defined as the unlawful killing of a human being with malice aforethought (4). With that said, according to the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the term serial murder implies that there are at least three different murder events at three different locations, with a â€Å"cooling off† period between each event (RamslandRead MorePerry Smith: A Passion to Kill1354 Words   |  6 PagesSerial killers have long eluded law enforcement while simultaneously grabbing the attention of the public, and now more than ever, criminal psychologists are beginning to understand what makes a serial killer. In his true-crime documentary, In Cold Blood, Truman Capote depicts the horrifying murders of four members of the Clutter family and the search to find the criminals responsible for the deaths. Eventually , two killers are caught, one being Perry Smith, a detached and emotionless man. And althoughRead MoreCharacteristics And Backgrounds Of Serial Killers Essay1495 Words   |  6 PagesSerial killers can be hiding behind the smiles of your neighbors, grocers, and the most unexpected individuals. According to Boschken (2014), a serial killer is an individual that has committed three or more murders over a month without a large gap between murders. Several different characteristics and backgrounds make up a serial killer. Studies have shown that an individual’s background can give insight into the victims and the offender’s relationship to the victims. Serial killers can also beRead MoreThe Crime Of Serial Murder And Mass Murder1289 Words   |  6 PagesRotten Apples The act of Serial murder and mass murder have similar characteristics, however they are not the same. Before they can be defined, it is necessary to first understand what exactly constitutes murder. According to the United States Code-section 1111, murder is defined as the unlawful killing of a human being with malice aforethought (FindLaw, 2014). With that said, according to the Federal Bureau of Investigation, â€Å"the term serial murder implies that there are at least three differentRead MoreSerial Killers : An American Serial Killer1374 Words   |  6 PagesSerial killers can be profiled in many ways, but they do not always fit perfectly into one category. Most of the definitions and techniques used to profile these criminals are based on reoccurring patterns and characteristics in their killings. While society may view most of these people as troubled, there are classifications of some serial killers as being well adapted into society. Serial Killers can be characterized as o rganized or disorganized murders, as well as classified into four differentRead MoreSerial Killers in Modern Society1558 Words   |  6 PagesSerial Killers in Modern Society Introduction For hundreds of years, serial killers have actually been a huge fascination all over the world. Even though society has an undeveloped idea as to what a serial killer is and how they function, there is much more to serial killers that people are probably unaware of. In spite of classic myths regarding serial killers which are displayed a lot in movies, this essay will recognize serial killers as irregular as the individual that utilizes various strategies

Criteria for effective control Free Essays

Briefly discuss the criteria for effective control. There are five criteria for effective control. In designing a control system, one must make sure that it measures what is important now and what is important in the future, not what is important in the past. We will write a custom essay sample on Criteria for effective control or any similar topic only for you Order Now Firstly, the systems must be related to organizational strategy. In designing a control system, one must make sure that it measures what is important now and what is important in the future, not what is important in the past. Multinational corporations often find it useful to maintain a entralized, integrated system of controls consistent with the strategic orientation of the organization. For example, General Motor maintains a number of units that are interdependent through each of the sequential steps in the manufacturing process, therefore, General Motor must have control systems that ensure that production processes are not disrupted. Secondly, use all steps in the control process. To be effective, a control system must employ all steps in the control process. Standards of performance must be set, measurements of actual performance taken, comparisons f standards with actual performance made, and when necessary, corrective action taken. For example, in our life, for a grade A in our management course, suppose we never bothered to check our posted grade on the midterm exam. In this case, our control system would be incomplete. Without knowing our midterm exam score, we would not compare our performance with our standard. Thirdly, be composed of objective and subjective measures. Effective control systems typically require managers to blend quantitative (objective) and qualitative (subjective) performance easures. For example, management may have set specific targets for productivity. This performance goal has a precise formula for measurement. In the same situation, management has also expressed a desire to achieve high levels of worker satisfaction. Forth, be timely in feedback reporting. Timeliness is the degree to which the control systems provides information when it is needed. The issue here is not how fast the feedback information is provided but whether it is provided quickly enough to permit a response to an unacceptable deviation. For example, the U. S. naval accident that occurred in early 2005 present the importance of timeliness itself. The crew of the nuclear submarine USS San Francisco violated the feedback timeliness requirement with near-catastrophic consequences. In short, the submarine smashed into an undersea mountain. A subsequent naval investigation reveal the crew should have checked the water depth more frequently, should not have been traveling at high speed, and failed to take into account a variety of danger signs, all of which contributed to the underwater accident. Last but not least, be cceptable to a diverse workforce. To be effective, organizational controls must be accepted by employees. The control system should motivate workers to recognize standards and act to achieve them. For example, as a student in a management course. Suppose our professor has no problem assigning course grade B or lower but says that a grade of A can be achieved only by students who read a new chapter and five related Journal articles everyday and submit a 20-page, typewritten synopsis of these readings each day. Would we be discouraged from attempting to earn a grade How to cite Criteria for effective control, Papers

The importance of Theory in Nursing free essay sample

Discussed in this paper will be nursing theory and review its importance to nursing as a profession. It will also focus on aspects of the nursing theorist Virginia Henderson and her theory on the complementary-supplementary model of nursing. Nursing leadership, as it relates to Henderson’s theory, will also be discussed. Nursing theory itself is defined as an organized framework of concepts and purposes designed to guide the practice of nursing (Dossey, 2008). There will be multiple sections in this paper discussing an analysis of the importance of nursing theory, summery of key concepts related to the theory, and review of how the theory affects nursing leadership. Section one The prominence of nursing theory to the profession of nursing is of endless enormousness. McCurry, Revell, Roy (2010) note that the nursing profession has a responsibility to add to the well-being of society by utilizing evidence-based practice. Nursing knowledge is made on theories that answer questions to the problem of science. We will write a custom essay sample on The importance of Theory in Nursing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When a theory is confirmed by research it is verbalized into nursing practice. The actions of; research, theory and evidence-based care shape nursing’s goals and values to improve the care and health of families, individuals, and society. Therefore, this makes the theory of nursing a foundation of nursing as a caring profession. According to (Dossey 2008), now is a point and time in nursing when there is a demand for a new language. This language will take the best evidence known and the art of nursing, to have great impacts on the human caring theory to a new level. It is through these methods and opinions that the nursing profession will be more prepared to share the expertise, knowledge, and critical-thinking skills for corresponding assistance to others in creating proper health and healing. According to Wagner and Bear (2009), theoretical definitions give a better meaning to the concept being studied which directs the theory and research. This method permits theory to have a positive impact on nursing by encouraging active patient care and in turn increasing patient satisfaction. Section two According to Virginia Henderson’s theory of complementary-supplementary,  she establishes her definition of nursing as: The unique function of the nurse is to assist the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery (or to a peaceful death) that the person would perform unaided given the necessary strength, will or knowledge, and to do this in such a way as to help the individual gain independence as rapidly as possible (Henderson 1961). Virginia Henderson conceptualized the nurse’s role in the profession of nursing as supporting the sick or well human being in a supplementary or complementary manner. Henderson is known as the â€Å"First lady of nursing,† as she started nurses thinking about â€Å"The Concept of Nursing.† Henderson’s theory has such a broad range of ideas that her theory can be used in many nursing processes. Henderson’s key concepts recount the modules of nursing care to 14 basic patient needs and definitions (Henderson, 1961). 1. Breathing normally -If oxygenation is insufficient organ function can be compromised or destroyed. 2. Eating and drinking adequately -to establish and maintain hydration and normovolemia for adequate organ function. 3. Eliminating body wastes to maintain stability of kidney function and bowel elimination. 4. Moving and maintaining a desirable position -to prevent skin breakdown, pulmonary infiltrates, and pneumonia. 5. Sleeping and resting -To optimize system functions. 6. Selecting suitable clothes -To preserve dignity. 7. Maintaining body temperature within normal range by modifying the environment and adjusting clothing In order to prevent damage to body systems. 8. Cleanliness and well groomed of the body to protect the integument-To protect the integument system and the patient’s dignity. 9. Avoiding injuring others and dangers in the environment -Physical assessments of patients and surroundings to avoid harm. 10. Communicating with others by expressing needs, emotions, opinions, or fears Soothing communication and keeping patient and/or family well informed. 11. Worshipping according to one’s faith Adhere to religious beliefs 12. Working in such a way that one feels a sense of accomplishment -To give optimal quality care no matter what the outcome is. 13. Participating or playing in various forms of recreation -Activities that suit the patient’s condition. 14. Discovering, learning, or satisfying the curiosity that leads  to normal development and health, and using available resources -To give information, education, and support. Nicely and DeLario (2011), use Henderson’s theory to look at organ donation for transplantation. They define her theory as a nursing process of logical design which can be utilized by all health care providers. They continued to say that her concepts and theory of nursing, give a basis upon which great care can be built. Virginia Henderson’s theoretical propositions include the global conceptual framework, metaparadigm of nursing, which includes the broad concepts of person or client, environment, health, and nursing. Her theories, concepts, and propositions are well accepted worldwide as a basis for nursing care (Nicely, DeLario, 2011). The relationship is that it includes the summation of all external conditions that have an effect on the life and development of an individual. It also includes providing conditions that the patient can perform the 14 fundamental needs. It is the environmental setting in which the individual learns their pattern for living, and their relation to families. The community also has to be taken into account by discussing the impact it has on the individual and family (Henderson, 1961). Health is the quality of an individual’s life, basic to human functioning. Nurses are to convey the prevention and cure of diseases and promote good health. Having excellent health is a challenge; there are many aspects like cultural background, physical and intellectual abilities, age, and emotional balance can affect excellent health (Henderson, 1961). As a nurse, this is a person who functions are to assist the sick and well individuals in a supplementary or complementary role. Their role consists of assessing the patients’ health needs, help them meet these needs, and provide an effective environment for the patient to be independent. The main goal of a nurse is to make the patient complete as a whole and to utilize nursing research to establish evidence-based care (Henderson, 1961). Section three With Virginia Henderson being one of the great leaders of our time, she was a pioneer in the aspect of visionary leadership. She had a vision to ascertain the true meaning and nature of nursing. Her definition of nursing was her first attribute and is of grand design. It is written to allow nurses to develop their own concept of nursing. Another vision was to give optimal  quality care to patients, families, and the community. Through the nursing process, in which she noted is the submission of logical approaches to the resolution of a problem. This process has since been adopted by many leaders for other areas in the healthcare field. For example, nurse administrators use it to establish a specific focus for decisions and actions (Schmieding, 1990). Henderson, in 1985, wrote of the power of the electronic patient record. She elaborated on the subject of an international medical or health record that would supply the medical community with a clear picture of a patient (Clark, 1997). Henderson’s theory and concepts were also one of the leading aspects of the problem-solving and decision-making leadership style. These skills, which make up this style, are essential to leadership no matter what style it is. Even though some of her views were debatable, she was a strong, leading advocate for advancing the nursing profession through research. In 1984, with the reestablishment of public health nursing, she focused her attention to the development of a research program to optimize quality of care for the patient, families, and the community (Abrams, 2007). In 1953, she joined the faculty at Yale University and began a review of nursing research. In summation, Virginia Henderson views leadership as a multifaceted discipline in nursing. It encompasses vision, action, caring, and evidence-based data. Her life’s work has demonstrated many effective aspects of an effective leader and has empowered other nurses to continue her work. Conclusion Nursing theory overall has a dramatic effect on the nursing profession. Early on nursing theorists, like Virginia Henderson, not only established the foundation of theory but also proposed concepts about nursing that outline it as a true profession. Nursing theory, along with research, concepts, and evidence-based practice are the things that compose the foundation of nursing as a profession and what will be in the future of nursing. In order to be excellent leaders, nurses must have a grip on the history of nursing, theory, and practice. Nursing is making great strides on the health and wholeness of individuals since the 1960’s. With the future approaching, the profession of nursing will have to head out on an even bigger adventure o to discover nursing research and an improvement in education to create nursing as a mature profession.

Aggression Studies in Modern World

Aggression Studies in Modern World Empirical studies on aggression have revealed the motivation behind extreme forms of aggression. Increased homicide rates are attributed to aggression. Studies in a number of industrialized countries have recorded increase in aggression with some causes of the increased form of violence being accessibility of weapons, global warming, exposure to violent media and violence against young children among others.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Aggression Studies in Modern World specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Daffern, Howells, Ogloff (2007, 104) theoretical analyses and fresh empirical discoveries have led to promising treatment of aggressive behaviour. Various authors have used different approaches to decipher the major causes of aggression and why it is prevalent in men than in women. Moreover, some studies have indicated that women are involved in indirect forms of aggression. This essay will provide an analysis of aggression as revealed in various articles. Empirical Studies on Aggression Daffern, Howells, Ogloff, (2007, 104) describe various definitions and theories of aggression. Their article is divided into sections that delve on outcomes, routes, and sources of aggression. On the other hand, Richardson Green (2003, 13) offer an extensive insight into the aggression phenomenon by offering a description from philosophers, scholars and men of letters. Through ethology, psychoanalytic study on patients, and psychoendocrinologic research, the authors provides an overview of various causes of aggression. Daffern, Howells, Ogloff (2007, 107) and Rappaport Thomas (2004, 268) classify aggression in various ways. These ways include aggression targets, whether directed to self or to others, aggression mode, whether verbal or physical, indirect or direct, and the causes of aggression, which can be medical. Subtypes of aggression such as impulsive aggression and premeditat ed aggression, have received considerable attention. The latter is a form of aggression not associated with frustrations or response to threats. Premeditated aggression is also known as instrumental aggression or proactive aggression. Individuals who have a clear goal in their minds perpetrate this form of aggression. Contrary, impulsive aggression has the characteristic of precipitation and autonomic arousal through provocation. This form of aggression is usually associated with emotions such as fear or anger. Rappaport Thomas (2004, 268) reveal that impulsive aggression is response to perceived stress. This form of aggression is pathological in case the responses become exaggerated. Sometimes, impulsive aggression may be deemed defensive such as during dangerous threats.Advertising Looking for critical writing on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Methodologies Used An empirical analysis by Richardso n Green, (2003, 15) reveals that more people are dying from interpersonal or self-inflicted violence. This violence is usually caused by impulsive aggression. Anderson Bushman, (2002, 28) reveal that a quarter of all men and half of the women report physical aggression after the age of 18 years. Similar to this study, Richardson Green (2003, 17) claim that impulsive or irritable aggression has a substantial rate of heritability. These findings are consistent with the analysis of a study by Anderson Bushman (2002, 28), who reveal that environmental interactions play a huge role in anti-social and aggressive behaviour. Environmental factors conducive to aggression are familial, cultural, and socioeconomic factors, which have been covered in the aforementioned. Anderson (2010, 414) adds that people with biological risks for aggression are particularly vulnerable to psychosocial adversity effects. For example, some genes interact with maltreatment and adversity during childhood to m ake an individual more inclined to violence. An empirical study by Rappaport Thomas (2004, 260) indicates that impulsive and episodic physical and verbal aggression is associated with psychiatric disorders and is usually seen in some personality disorders. Most of the violent offenders are men who possess severe personality disorders. Assessing individuals for aggressive behaviours requires a well-organized approach, which draws on diagnostic interviews, clinical knowledge and familiarity with the protective, and risk factors. Various methodologies have been adopted in arriving at information regarding aggression. Various determinants of aggression have underlying motivations. Various authors have reviewed interventions such as psychopharmacological treatment, psychosocial treatment, and therapy for cognitive behaviour in an attempt to expand research that defines the optimal treatment for aggressive behaviour (Rappaport Thomas 2004, 261). The empirical study provided by Rappaport Thomas (2004, 261) focuses on important findings on aggression in certain age groups. This coverage is absent in the study by Anderson Bushman (2002, 32) who have excluded conduct disorder, risk factors, and aggression sub-types in their study.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Aggression Studies in Modern World specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The main areas of their research are individual factors such as gender. Their article delves on aggressive males with little attention on the female due to the large number of males involved in violent crimes and excessive forms of aggression. The main shortcoming of this study is that readers have difficulties understanding the gender differences that exist in aggression because the study only had male participants. The cross-sectional study adopted by Richardson Green (2003, 17) helps to understand the gender characteristics of aggressive behaviour because it r elies on a follow-up which gives a history of aggressive behaviour in girls and the symptoms shown by the aggressive girls. Epidemiological studies such as the one conducted by Anderson (2010, 414) reveals that conduct disorder is a severe mental disorder prevalent in adolescent girls and that leads to aggression. Aggression in females has increased in recent years because of several biological factors. However, Anderson (2010, 415) does not unravel interaction between the causative factors and fails to identify developmental trajectories that would determine mechanisms for outcomes of aggression by the females. Similar to the aforementioned study, Rappaport Thomas (2004, 262) have recognized that girls are exposed to biological insults as the boys are. However, this exposure has minimum ramifications to the girls than it is to the boys. The outcomes from this study have methodological shortcomings because of relying on cross-sectional studies. With this study, it becomes a dauntin g task to measure prenatal exposure to aggression with precision. Moreover, it is increasingly difficult to measure risk factors, which confound the results. Despite the aforementioned limitations, increased vulnerability of the males to various sources of stress has been revealed. It is important to outline reasons why the females are less inclined towards antisocial behaviour related to prenatal exposure. Daffern, Howells, Ogloff, (2007, 103) use a functional analytic approach to gauge and classify determinants and idiosyncratic functions of aggression. Such an approach has not been embraced in assessing aggression in psychiatric patients. This is notwithstanding that the methodology has demonstrated efficacy in coming up with prescriptions for problem behaviours like self-injury.Advertising Looking for critical writing on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A function analytic approach is necessary for understanding problems in anger management and aggression. As part of research on antisocial behaviour and aggression, Daffern, Howells, Ogloff (2007, 103) have developed a method to classify functions of antisocial and aggressive tendencies in aggressive patients. The functions assessed in the study are the need to seek approval from the society, the need to force compliance, and the need to express anger among other factors. This classification enables one to recognize the functions served by aggression, some of which may be intended and most of which may influence the odds of occurrence of aggressive behaviour in the future. Pro-Social Behaviour and Aggression Observational studies by Ostrov, Woods, Jansen, Casas, Crick (2004, 357) was meant to provide information on aggression in young children. Contrary to the other studies, this study has assessed the subtypes of pro-social behaviour and aggression. This study revealed that aggre ssive acts in children often occurred in groups of more than two children. Children were found to possess particular behavioral styles. Particularly, the boys used physical behaviors why the girls used verbal behavior to express themselves. In general, this approach was instrumental in the discovery of subtypes of aggressive behaviors such as physical aggression, verbal aggression, nonverbal aggression, and relational aggression. These subtypes were important indicators of mean and hostile behavior indicated in other study by Rappaport Thomas, (2004, 265). Furthermore, Ostrov, Woods, Jansen, Casas, Crick (2004, 356), examined, received, and delivered pro-social behavior to provide a balanced assessment of aggression in children. The study reveals that boys and girls used different aggression tactics. The boys used physical aggression while the girls were aggressive in the manner they related with other people. Great importance can be attached to the methodology used in this study as it predicts how boys are likely to receive physical aggression while the girls were more inclined to receive relational aggression. Verbal aggression was noticed in both girls and boys while nonverbal aggression was prevalent among girls. The disparities that exist in expressing among men and women have been articulated. Research by Ostrov, Woods, Jansen, Casas, Crick (2004, 357) is based on a model that reflects the degree of disparities between women and men in their expression of aggression. The gender disparities in aggression have been given less attention during empirical researches. Through this research, evidence has linked aggression and hostility to men with little information on how women tend to express aggression. These developments are based on theories on gender differences, which indicates the extent to which men are more predisposed to direct aggression while females are subjected to indirect forms of aggression. Two models have been used to account for the gend er disparities in aggression. These are the threat model and the model of social sanctions. The latter states that aggressive behaviour tends to be linked to social expectations. An examination of each of the aforementioned models determines how aggression is exhibited. The age of the individual targeted by the aggressor is a major consideration. Rappaport Thomas (2004, 268) have examined the effects of the gender of the aggressor and the target. Questionnaires have been used to measure subtypes of aggression. Similar to the results in the study by Anderson(2010, 34), Rappaport Thomas (2004, 260) found out that the females reported indirect aggression than they reported direct aggression. Moreover, males and females had no disparities in indirect aggression. In addition, the amount of aggression delivered to the females directly was not different with the one delivered to the males. The main shortcoming of this study is that the results from this study invalidated the proposed mod els. In the light of this, there exists the need for more research that explores gender disparities in the target and the aggressor. Furthermore, despite the compelling insight given by both models regarding the mechanisms used to arrive at the gender disparities by both models, the models fail in exploring changes in several aspects of gender disparities. Various studies have ignored this feasible explanation. Anderson (2010, 34-36) indicates that there is the need for observation and confirmation of how victimization and aggression affects children’s behavior. The study came up with results with evidence supporting aggression that is based on gender during childhood. Young participants in the study provided evidence, which revealed that trajectories for aggression based on gender began in early childhood with both boys and girls experiencing and exhibiting certain levels of aggression in the pre-school years. These results are contrary to the study by Daffern, Howells, Ogl off (2007, 112), which is based on the numerous theories of development of aggression. These results provide important information regarding anti-social behaviors exhibited by children. Previous researches had indicated that the narrow scope of children’s social and cognitive skills, and the use of relational aggression in them was immature to some extent. Concisely, their aggressive acts have been deemed as mainly direct and unlikely to harm other children. However, the research conducted by Rappaport Thomas (2004, 264-266) indicates that pre-scholars show advanced and complicated aggression strategies involving gossips, rumors, and lies. These behaviors are direct but covert or subtle in nature. The study above reveals strong evidence of the presence of aggression in children and the need for a comprehensive study on the trend. The study by Rappaport Thomas (2004, 265) replicated another study by Daffern, Howells, Ogloff (2007, 103), which had findings that suggested the absence of nonverbal aggression in preschoolers. Children are open when expressing aggression in a verbal way and they tend to use insults in this form of aggression. Extra research on this subject may help in examining the findings made by the authors regarding the lack of observable disparities in verbal and nonverbal forms of aggression. Conclusion In summary, various articles on aggression have been analyzed. According to studies on aggression, aggression takes many forms and its goal is usually to hurt an individual. Several empirical studies have been examined. These studies have revealed that the motivations behind aggression are multi-faceted. Increased homicide in a number of countries has been attributed to aggression. In industrialized countries, aggression has been exacerbated by easy access to dangerous weapons such as rifles. Global warming and exposure to a violent media are also some of the causes of increased aggression in these countries. Recommendations in these studies indicated that aggressive behavior might soon find appropriate treatment. References Anderson, CA Bushman, BJ 2002, ‘Human aggression’ Annual Review of Psychology, vol. 53, no.1, pp. 27-51. Anderson, M 2010, ‘Reconceptualizing Aggression’ Duke Law Journal, vol.60, no.2, pp. 411-451. Daffern, M, Howells, K, Ogloff, J 2007, ‘Whats the point? Towards a methodology for assessing the function of psychiatric inpatient aggression. Behaviour Research and Therapy, vol.45, no.1, pp. 101–111. Ostrov, JM, Woods, KE, Jansen, EA, Casas, JF, Crick, NR 2004, ‘An observational study of delivered and received aggression,gender, and social-psychological adjustment in preschool:â€Å"This White Crayon Doesn’t Work †, Early Childhood Research Quarterly, vol.19, no.1, pp. 355–371. Rappaport, N Thomas, C 2004, ‘Recent Research Findings on Aggressive and Violent Behavior in Youth: Implications for Clinical,’ Journal Of Adolescent Health, vol.35, no.4, pp. 260–277. Richardson, SD, Green, LR 2003, ‘Defining direct and indirect aggression: The Richardson Conflict Response Questionnaire,’ International Review of Social Psychology, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 11-30.

Sue Monk Kidd, Author of The Secret Life of Bees

Sue Monk Kidd, Author of 'The Secret Life of Bees' Sue Monk Kidd (born August 12, 1948) spent the early days of her writing career penning memoirs, going on to publish her first novel,  The Secret Life of Bees, in 2002. Kidds career has spanned genres of contemplative spirituality, feminist theology, and fiction.   Fast Facts: Sue Monk Kidd Known For: Bestselling novelistBorn: August 12, 1948, in Sylvester, GeorgiaParents:  Leah and Ridley MonkEducation: Texas Christian University, Emory UniversityPublished Works:  The Invention of Wings, The Secret Life of Bees, The Mermaid Chair, The Dance of the Dissident Daughter, Traveling with Pomegranates: A Mother-Daughter StorySpouse: Sanford KiddChildren: Ann and BobNotable Quote: â€Å"It is the peculiar nature of the world to go on spinning no matter what sort of heartbreak is happening.†Ã‚   Early Life Raised in Sylvester, a rural town in Georgia, Kidd was the daughter of an imaginative, story-telling father. She knew early on that she wanted to be a writer. She cites Thoreaus Walden and Kate Chopins The Awakening as early influences that would eventually lead to a writing career rooted in spirituality. In 1970, Kidd earned a B.S. degree from Texas Christian University in nursing. During her 20s, she worked as a registered nurse and a college nursing instructor at the Medical College of Georgia. Kidd married  Sanford â€Å"Sandy† Kidd, with whom she had two children. Early Literary Work When she decided to enroll in writing classes, Kidd and her family were living in South Carolina where her husband taught at a small liberal arts college. Her goal was to write fiction, but she began her career writing nonfiction inspirational pieces, many of which she published in Guideposts Magazine, where she eventually became a contributing editor. Spiritual searching ensued, which Kidd chronicled in her first book, Gods Joyful Surprise (1988). Two years later in 1990, her second spiritual memoir followed, entitled  When the Heart Waits. Spiritual Publications While in her 40s, Kidd turned her attention to a study of feminist spirituality, resulting in another memoir,  The Dance of the Dissident Daughter (1996). The book recounts her spiritual journey from a Baptist upbringing to non-traditional feminist spiritual experiences. Novels and Memoirs Kidd is best known for her first novel, The Secret Life of Bees (2002), in which she tells the coming-of-age story- set in 1964- of a 14-year-old girl and her black housekeeper, a modern classic that spent over two years on The New York Times bestseller list, has been published in 35 countries, and is now taught in college and high school classrooms. In 2005, Kidd followed with The Mermaid Chair, the story of a middle-aged married woman who falls in love with a Benedictine monk. Like The Secret Life of Bees, The Mermaid Chair uses its female protagonist to explore spiritual themes. The Mermaid Chair was also a long-time bestseller and won the  2005 Quill Award for General Fiction. Shortly thereafter, Firstlight, a collection of Kidds early writings, was published by Guideposts Books in 2006 and by Penguin in 2007.   Kidd co-authored her next memoir with her daughter Ann Kidd Taylor after they traveled together in France, Greece, and Turkey. The resulting  Traveling with Pomegranates  (2009) appeared on The New York Times list and has been published in several languages. Her third novel,  The Invention of Wings, was published in 2014 by Viking and remained on The New York Times hardcover fiction bestseller list for more than six months. The winner of several literary awards,  The Invention of Wings  won the SIBA Book Award and was selected for Oprahs Book Club 2.0. It has been translated into 24 languages and sold over one million copies.   Her entire collection of writings to date include: Gods Joyful Surprise (1988)When the Heart Waits (1990)The Dance of the Dissident Daughter (1996)The Secret Life of Bees (2002)The Mermaid Chair (2005)Firstlight: The Early Inspirational Writings of Sue Monk Kidd  (2006)Traveling with Pomegranates: A Mother-Daughter Journey to the Sacred Places of Greece, Turkey, and France  (with Ann Kidd Taylor) (2009)The Invention of Wings (2014) Sources Bryfonski, Dedria.  Coming of Age in Sue Monk Kidds Secret Life of Bees.  Greenhaven Press, 2013.Sue Monk Kidd, 30 Sept. 2018.â€Å"Sue Monk Kidd.†Ã‚  New Georgia Encyclopedia.